练习  Exercises

2  根据实际情况回答问题 Answer the questions according to the actual situations.

1 你是哪国人?Nǐ shi nǎ guó rén?

2 你叫什么名字?Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi?

3 你的汉语老师是哪国人?Nǐ de Hànyǔ lǎoshi shi nǎ guó rén?

4 你的汉语老师叫什么名字?Nǐ de Hànyǔ lǎoshi jiào shénme míngzi?

5 你的中国朋友是谁?Nǐ de Zhōngguó péngyou shi shéi?

1   发音辨析:声母  zh、ch、sh、r

Differentiation: pronunciation of the initials zh, ch, sh, r

zh、ch、sh、r是一组翘舌音，是由翘起的舌尖和硬腭前部配合而发音的。发zh、ch时，舌尖要先和硬腭接触，然后打开一条缝隙让气流通过，发zh时没有强烈的气流呼出，而发ch时呼出的气流很强。发sh时，舌尖不要与硬腭接触，要始终保持一条缝隙。与sh不同，在发r时声带要振动。

zh, ch, sh and r are a series of cacuminals, which are pronounced with the tongue tipturned-up and coordinating with the front part of the hard palate. When saying zh and ch.the tongue tip first touches the hard palate and then opens a gap to let the air fow. ch comeswith a much stronger airflow, but zh doesn't. When saying sh, the tongue tip doesn't touchthe hard palate, leaving a gap all along. Different from sh, r is pronounced with the vocalcords vibrating.

2 发音辨析:前鼻音韵母n和后鼻音韵母ng

Differentiation: pronunciation of the alveolar nasal n and the velar nasal ng

发前鼻音n[n]时舌尖要抵住上齿龈，而发后鼻音ng[n]时，舌头的后部要拱起，舌根向后收缩，抵住软腭;发n[n]时上下齿相对，开口较小，而发ng[]时开口度较大。

When saying the alveolar nasal n 「n], the tongue tip should press the upper alveolarridge, when saying the velar nasal ng ln], the back part of the tongue forms an arch and theroot of the tongue moves back and presses the soft palate. Compared with nInl, which ispronounced with the upper and lower teeth close to each other, ngln] is pronounced withthe mouth more wide-open.

(1)“一”在第一、二、三声音节前变成第四声 

When “一” is followed by a syllable in the first, second or third tone, it changes intothe fourth tone.

(2)  “一”在第四声音节前变成第二声

When “一” is followed by a syllable in the fourth, it changes into the second tone.

(3) “一”单用或表示数字时不变调

When “一“ , is used alone or in a number, its tone doesn't change.

以i、u、ü开头的韵母如果前面没有声母，在拼写时需要使用y或w，具体情况如下:

If a final beginning with i, u or ü has no initial before it, y or w is used in the writtenform. See the following table for details:

1 汉字的笔画(4)    Strokes of Chinese Characters (4)

2  认识独体字  Single-Component Characters

3  汉字的笔顺(2):从上到下，从左到右

Stroke Order (2): top preceding bottom and left preceding right

1  双人活动  Pair Work

两人一组，根据图片内容进行问答练习。

Work in pairs and ask and answer questions based on the pictures.

2 小组活动 Group Work

3~4人一组，每人准备一张自己和同学或者朋友的合影，向同组成员介绍照片上的人物。

Work in groups of 3-4. Prepare a photo of you and your classmates or friends and introducethe people in the photo to your group members.